Reference:
http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Bruteforce_login_prevention

 
allows only 10 FTP login incorrect answers per minute

/ip firewall filter
add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=21 src-address-list=ftp_blacklist action=drop \
comment="drop ftp brute forcers"
add chain=output action=accept protocol=tcp content="530 Login incorrect" dst-limit=1/1m,9,dst-address/1m
add chain=output action=add-dst-to-address-list protocol=tcp content="530 Login incorrect" \
address-list=ftp_blacklist address-list-timeout=3h

 
This will prevent a SSH brute forcer to be banned for 10 days after repetitive attempts. Change the timeouts as necessary.

/ip firewall filter
add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=22 src-address-list=ssh_blacklist action=drop \
comment="drop ssh brute forcers" disabled=no
add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=22 connection-state=new \
src-address-list=ssh_stage3 action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=ssh_blacklist \
address-list-timeout=10d comment="" disabled=no
add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=22 connection-state=new \
src-address-list=ssh_stage2 action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=ssh_stage3 \
address-list-timeout=1m comment="" disabled=no
add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=22 connection-state=new src-address-list=ssh_stage1 \
action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=ssh_stage2 address-list-timeout=1m comment="" disabled=no
add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=22 connection-state=new action=add-src-to-address-list \
address-list=ssh_stage1 address-list-timeout=1m comment="" disabled=no

 
If you want to block downstream access as well, you need to block the with the forward chain:

/ip firewall filter
add chain=forward protocol=tcp dst-port=22 src-address-list=ssh_blacklist action=drop \
comment="drop ssh brute downstream" disabled=no